It was so itchy! Surg. In addition, in joint arthroplasty surgery, Michalowitz et al.23 reported an incidence of 1.8% in 281 patients and Durando et al.24 reported 1.7% in 912 patients. Postoperative results following the resolution of this allergic reaction are shown in Figure 3. 0000014217 00000 n 1 These findings were practice-changing for the senior author (N.B. Nine patients had positive patch test results to Dermabond; six had developed secondary generalization.The mean time between Dermabond application and ACD onset was 34 days (range, 27-44) in six patients with ACD after the first use, whereas, in the other three patients, it was 5.6 days (range, 4-8) after the second use. J. Arthroplasty 28, 553556 (2013). Ricciardo BM, Nixon RL, Tam MM, Radic RR, Ricciardo BJ. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the incidence and characteristics of contact dermatitis (type IV hypersensitivity reaction) post application of Dermabond (Trade name PRINEO . ~%_W+`Su3-x3LX8pg u endstream endobj 135 0 obj <>stream Plastic surgeons now use Dermabond for emergency room laceration repairs3 and for cosmetic surgery.4 Dermabond allows for the rapid closure of wounds while eliminating cross- and point-marks associated with suture closure. 2-octyl cyanoacrylate should slough off naturally with desquamation of the epidermis 7-14 days after application [14]. Here's what may be causing them and what you can do to ease your symptoms. Hydrocortisone ointment was prescribed for the rash and to dissolve the Dermabond. Additional components of Dermabond include plasticizers that aid in the flexibility of the wound during the healing process, stabilizers to prolong the shelf life, and polymerization inhibitors to delay the transition of the product from liquid to solid.2 The polymer hydrolyzes in the body, creating formaldehyde, which causes inflammation. Gaspar, Michael P. Singer, A. J. et al. Dr. Perry was previously a paid consultant to Ethicon, a Division of Johnson & Johnson and the makers of Dermabond. 0000009330 00000 n Larger molecular weight monomers, such as the 2-octyl cyanoacrylate formulation used in Dermabond, have proven to be less histotoxic. Incidence and risk factor of allergic contact dermatitis to 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives. Liquid 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate monomers are commonly used ingredients for topical skin adhesives because they polymerize into solid chains upon contact with the wound surface and hold wound edges together14. Expeditious removal of the offending agent is critical to the resolution of symptoms, but care must be taken to not open the incision(s). Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Our community is filled with women who have been through the Hysterectomy experience providing both advice and support from our active members and moderators. There are some reports in the literature regarding Dermabond associated contact dermatitis. 0000059447 00000 n Sunaga, Ataru Mr. Sosin has no financial interest in and receives no compensation from manufacturers of products mentioned in this article. Her reaction is improved; the sutures were removed without incident on that same day. Problems with Dermabond are mostly related to application technique. H\n@C 3,9Fa} c/vMDZ$qvoxnS1>[yos,:? Treatment is simple and most cases will resolve within a few weeks. The difference in the incidence of ACD between ingredients or products was analyzed using the chi-square test. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Parkerson, Jamie Acad. Injury 49, 19421946 (2018). Background: Figure 2. Quinn JV (2005) Tissue Adhesives in Clinical Medicine. If things get worse, tell your doctor - and also if your symptoms haven't subsided after 3 weeks. To address this issue, we reviewed 1027 patients who underwent skin closure with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives to investigate the incidence and risk factors of ACD to topical skin adhesives. Thakkar, Punam G. Twenty-two patients were excluded according to the criteria, resulting in the enrollment of 1145 patients in this study (195 patients using Surgiseal, 544 patients using Dermabond Prineo, and 406 patients using LiquiBand). Dermabond is a liquid topical skin adhesive containing a monomeric 2-octyl cyanoacrylate formulation and the colorant D&C Violet #2 [3]. The next morning, with worsening erythema and itching, she was seen in the emergency room by the surgeon. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. I had a severe allergic reaction to the antiseptic they put all over your abdomen and thighs prior to surgery( Chlorahexadine glucanate). 8600 Rockville Pike scholarly communications through the effective use of editorial and This can indicate infection, which needs to be treated right away. Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) Coover and was marketed by the Eastman Kodak Company in 1958 as formulation Eastman 910 [9]. In this retrospective study, 577 patch tested patients were included. The uterus was removed and then the vaginal cuff was closed with 0-vicryl suture. 2nd ed. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004287.pub4/ Farion K, Osmond MH, Hartling L, et al. Arthur W. Perry, MD, Michael Sosin, Severe Allergic Reaction to Dermabond, Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Volume 29, Issue 4, July 2009, Pages 314316, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asj.2009.02.019. gynaecology, allergic reaction, Dermabond. Allergy 64, 801806 (2009). We report a case of a fulminant allergic reaction to Dermabond following a mastopexy. These may include: Post-surgical rashes often go away when your skin is no longer in contact with the irritant. The use of Dermabond as the first choice for closing surgical wounds will only increase with the increasing number of gynaecologic surgeries being performed robotically and laparoscopically. Fam. 1)17,19. I have hypothyroidism and take armour and metformin . Glob. The .gov means its official. : study design, and data analysis. Nicksic, Peter J. White spots on your nipples are usually harmless. Twenty of 739 (2.7%) patients using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and nine of 406 (2.2%) patients using n-butyl cyanoacrylate showed ACD. 0000004069 00000 n Plast. government site. Pasha, Muhammad A. & Hartman, E. H. Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate tissue glue (Dermabond) versus Monocryl 6 0 Sutures in lip closure. Seven of 195 (3.6%) patients in Surgiseal, 13 of 544 (2.4%) patients in Dermabond Prineo, and nine of 406 (2.2%) patients in LiquiBand showed ACD. 39, 12831289 (2018). Although 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and n-butyl cyanoacrylate are harmless to most patients, they can act as allergens and cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)15,16. Uncommonly, patients present with allergic reactions to the adhesive compounds; these allergies are often misdiagnosed as cellulitis or another infectious process, and are incorrectly treated. Hamilton, Canada. ACD to topical skin adhesives usually presents as a self-limiting urticarial eruption near the incision site and subsides after proper local management. Bowen, C, Bidinger J, Hivnor C, Hoover A, Henning J (2014) Allergic contact dermatitis to 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate. The substance was used as an industrial adhesive for metal, glass, rubber, and plastics since its introduction and eventually gained popularity in households as Superglue. There was no difference in the incidence of ACD between ingredients or products. Wright JD, Ananth CV, Lewin SN, Burke WM, Lu YS, et al. hasContentIssue false, Correspondence: Joseph A. Ricci, MD Division of Plastic Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital 75 Francis Street Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA E-mail, Copyright World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2014. Sarukawa, Shunji Percutan Tech. J. Vasc. 0000000016 00000 n . Your doctor should be notified of any symptoms of infection, so treatment can begin immediately. Blanchet, Nadia in four of eight patients tested, and to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in one of eight patients tested. Problems with Dermabond are generally related to application techniques and rarely relate to the chemical nature of the adhesive. 0 PMC Surgical history is significant for partial left mastectomy performed two years prior and L5 laminectomy fifteen years before presentation. We explain possible remedies and types. Delmore, B. et al. Of note, the patient underwent a tubal ligation one year before this procedure. FOIA At-home therapies for eczema and dermatitis. Here we report a case of allergic reaction secondary to use of Dermabond at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, NY. Foot Ankle Int. Dermatologist evaluation confirmed the suspicion of an allergic reaction to Dermabond and recommended application of a thin topical layer of hydrocortisone 1% to affected areas 2-4 times per day. However, because n-butyl cyanoacrylate remains a viable option as a topical skin adhesive, the results of this study would be helpful for surgeons planning to use n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesive. Disclaimer. BMJ Open 6, e009257 (2016). As no definite factors related to the development of allergic contact dermatitis to topical skin adhesives are known, the variables that have been suspected to correlate with type IV hypersensitivity were included in the investigation, along with patient characteristics20,21,22. Nakagawa, S. et al. Our community is filled with women who have been through the Hysterectomy experience providing both advice and support from our active members and moderators. : Systematic review. The Bactrim DS was continued for one week because of the broken skin and the danger of superinfection. Our case, and the cases reviewed here, highlight the usual temporal presentation of allergic reaction to Dermabond. Open 6, e1841 (2018). Google Scholar. sustainable solutions for society. Pediatr Emerg Care. Three additional trocars were placed in the right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant and at the umbilicus. A randomized trial comparing octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and sutures in the management of lacerations. 0000060590 00000 n } However, in some patients, it mimics postoperative infection, causes severe local or systemic reactions, and eventually, cosmetic sequelae17. A thin layer of Dermabond remained in place on the epidermis and an erythematous raised wheal with a radius of 1-3cm surrounded each incision (Figure 2). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Singer, A. J., Kinariwala, M., Lirov, R. & Thode, H. C. Jr. Variables suspected to correlate with ACD were retrieved from medical records and analyzed to determine risk factors. HysterSisters.com is a massive online community with over 475,000 members and over 5 million posts. TREK-1 and TREK-2 knockout mice are not resistant to halothane or isoflurane. The same patient on postoperative day seven. further to my allergic reaction on Fri. HysterSisters Takes On Partner To Manage Continued Growth And Longevity. Medicinal use of cyanoacrylate adhesives before FDA approval dates to the Vietnam War where field surgeons regularly used the formulation to quickly stop haemorrhage from skin wounds [10]. Laparosc. All rights reserved. YU==lmKgrk]=|>FWxMfhu89fdo{.KZJX_8x-.V)tI]B -+S5|r`(`i%u.h-QuK-Z[>>>>%k Article Google Scholar Treatment for contact dermatitis is generally very simple. A rash around a surgical incision is fairly common. Once applied, this film is left to dry and usually lasts five to 10 days on the skin. After that, a standard absorbent dressing was applied and changed on the second day after surgery. The surgeon and infectious disease physician agreed that her erythema was an allergic reaction to the Dermabond. In short, jock itch can spread between, Keloids can appear on your ear in response to any type of wound, including a piercing. Ask your HysterSisters. Patient demographics are presented in Table 1. Over several decades, skin staples and sutures have been regarded as a common method for skin closure. Its medical use quickly spread and interestingly, the first reported use of a cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive on the human eye occurred in 1968 [11]. This report describes a rare case of a diffuse cutaneous allergic reaction to Dermabond following its use to close a surgical incision, its prompt identification, and treatment after presentation to an emergency department. All data in this study are freely available to any researcher for noncommercial purposes. Lin, M., Coates, W. C. & Lewis, R. J. Tissue adhesive skills study: The physician learning curve. Of the three excluded patients, one had scabies and two had dyshidrotic eczema. Allergic contact dermatitis: Epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, in vitro methods and regulatory aspects. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20200827-01. Care 20, 219223 (2004). and 0000006767 00000 n Providing cutting-edge scholarly communications The chemistry of tissue adhesive materials. The dermatologist diagnosed ACD based on history of exposure, morphology (well-demarcated pruritic eczematous eruptions, papules, or vesicles), and regional distribution (localized in the area of skin that was exposed to skin adhesives) (Fig. Pruritus will begin at the incision sites around post-operative day 3 and continue until development of visually apparent erythematous wheals surrounding each site around post-operative day 7. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. 0000105281 00000 n Belsito, D. V. The diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and prevention of allergic contact dermatitis in the new millennium. Prehosp Disaster Med. JAMA Surg. Contact with anionic substances, such as blood, initiates the polymerization reaction and the material quickly sets to form a dry solid film that holds apposed skin edges together [6]. Work as a cosmetician with regular exposure to cyanoacrylate-based eyelash extension glue has also been linked to occupational asthma and allergic rhinitis [27]. Wound closure with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (Dermabond; Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey USA) has recently increased in popularity across a wide spectrum of physicians ranging from surgeons to emergency medicine practitioners. Cell Mol. 43, 625627 (2006). J. The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. 0000017254 00000 n Prehosp Disaster Med. Sharma, A. et al. The adhesive property of the compound methyl 2-cyanoacrylate was first described in the literature by H.W. 0000067772 00000 n A case of contact dermatitis syndrome caused by Dermabond, followed by contact dermatitis caused by false eyelash glue and Aron Alpha glue: possibility of cross-reactions among cyanoacrylates. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 23.0; IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), and significance was set at p-value<0.05. for this article. Patch testing can find what's causing your rash. xref Allergic contact dermatitis to dermabond (2-octyl cyanoacrylate) after total knee arthroplasty. 6rT(NQoQar?S<. 0000002888 00000 n Dowson, C. C., Gilliam, A. D., Speake, W. J., Lobo, D. N. & Beckingham, I. J. Positive reactions to ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesive (Aron Alpha) occurred in seven of nine patients, to ethyl cyanoacrylate 10% pet. Glennie, R. A., Korczak, A., Naudie, D. D., Bryant, D. M. & Howard, J. L. MONOCRYL and DERMABOND vs staples in total hip arthroplasty performed through a lateral skin incision: A randomized controlled trial using a patient-centered assessment tool. This can include contact with surgical instruments or supplies that are not hypoallergenic, such as bandages, surgical glue, or antiseptic solutions. 0000059134 00000 n Coover HW, Joyner FB, Shearer NH, Wicker TH (1959) Chemistry and performance of cyanoacrylate adhesives. Disclaimer. Chalmers, B. P. et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003326/epdf/full. A severe allergic reaction can be seen; erythema and pruritis are both present along the incisions where Dermabond was applied. Zwemer, Catherine : A Review of the Literature. 2019. Published reports of an allergic reaction to Dermabond, Time elapsed from surgery to onset of allergic reaction (days), Unreported; each with 1-3 prior orthopedic surgeries, Yes, 1-year prior for tubal ligation with haphazard application and prolonged embedded application, Octyl-2 cyanoacrylate and Prineo self-adhering mesh ++, Dermabond& 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate +++, Dermabond & N-2-butyl cyanoacrylate +++, Neurosurgery, Laparoscopic General Surgery, None for first case & yes for other 3 cases, Dermabond, Dermabondwith chlorhexidine, and Dermabond with povidone iodine +++. A rash can be an early symptom of a life threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. All the study protocol were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations (STROBE guidelines)18. Accessibility Michalowitz, A., Comrie, R., Nicholas, C., Wagner, M. & Kehoe, J. This decline has been attributed to the introduction of minimally invasive techniques such as uterine artery embolization for the treatment of leiomyomata and non-surgical ablative therapies that are now commonly used for abnormal benign uterine bleeding [1]. Alotaibi, Nawaf Naif This article describes a severe allergic reaction to Dermabond following breast augmentation/mastopexy. Report of two cases. Reports have also described allergic contact dermatitis following application of cyanoacrylate-containing false eyelash glue [25,26]. 0000002861 00000 n Lindstrom I, Suojalehto H, Henriks-Eckerman ML, Suuronen K (2013) Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by cyanoacrylate-based eyelash extension glues. After approval from the local ethics committee (Korea University Guro Hospital Institutional Review Board, No. In the logistic regression analysis, age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, smoking, asthma, history of atopic dermatitis, history of contact dermatitis, neutrophil count, eosinophil count, and anatomical region did not show any correlation with the occurrence of allergic contact dermatitis (Table 2). eCollection 2021. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The material is rapidly converted from a liquid to a solid state via polymerization at room temperature without the need for a catalyst, evaporation of a solvent or application of pressure [5]. 0000062096 00000 n Dermabond is a liquid adhesive that contains the monomer of 2-octyl cyanocrylate (at a concentration of 94%). Sci. She also took a 20-mg oral dose of prednisolone. Conclusions: Article Manuscript. Subsequent dermatologic evaluation confirmed the suspicion of an allergic reaction to Dermabond. Jacoby, Sidney M. 105, 409420 (2000). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Methods: The patient's husband eventually excised the residual Dermabond and reclosed the wound. ct1qJq7?03Y1n`UA4/EQfcs&80.e` <<12BBD0C01188574F98AE67673A2EDA8F>]/Prev 461684>> Emerg. However, there has never been a reported case resulting from use during gynaecologic surgery until now. et al. Patterns of use of topical skin adhesives in the emergency department. 7 status post total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with sudden onset of erythema and pruritus around all four port site incisions (Figure 1). Additional options for both kinds of post-surgical rashes include: Your doctor might decide to prescribe medications to treat your rash. The authors declare no competing interests. Reducing postsurgical wound complications: A critical review. All patients underwent foot and ankle surgeries, which were performed by two orthopedic surgeons. Blackmore, Sid Join Now - Help for Your Hysterectomy Support Needs. Sato M, Inomata N, Aihara M. A case of contact dermatitis syndrome caused by Dermabond, followed by contact dermatitis caused by false eyelash glue and Aron alpha glue: possibility of cross-reactions among cyanoacrylates. Diffuse Cutaneous Allergic Reaction to Dermabond, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaUSA, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MassachusettsUSA, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X14001010, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. PMC Allergic Contact Dermatitis after Repeated Exposure to Dermabond (TM.) 2019 Sep/Oct;30(5):314-322. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000514. Park, Y. H., Chang, A. S., Choi, G. W. & Kim, H. J. Drug-related problems in hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus: A hospital cohort. Hivnor CM, Hudkins ML (2008) Allergic contact dermatitis after postsurgical repair with 2-octylcyanoacrylate. Reconstr. Objectives, Submission, Review, & Except for Nakagawa et al., our incidence of 2.7% is somewhat higher than the previously reported incidence, but studies to date alone cannot clarify whether this is due to the difference in application site or patient demographics. The monomer polymerizes upon contact with the applicator tip, water, and exposure to body temperatures. Agreements, Confidentiality & Uncommonly, patients present with allergic reactions to the adhesive compounds; these allergies are often misdiagnosed as cellulitis or another infectious process, and are incorrectly treated. Although cyanoacrylates traditionally have been associated with low rates of sensitization, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to Dermabond products is being increasingly reported after orthopedic surgery. 2021GR145), 1167 patients who underwent skin closure with topical skin adhesives in our institution between April 2017 and February 2021 were investigated for study eligibility. Post-surgery contact dermatitis is generally caused by an allergen or something that irritates your skin. This report describes a rare case of a diffuse cutaneous allergic reaction to Dermabond following its use to close a surgical incision, its prompt identification, and treatment after presentation to an emergency department. This relationship ended in 2005. As ACD occurs without risk factors in 23% of patients who used 2-octyl cyanoacrylate or n-butyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesives, clinicians and patients should be aware of these facts before using topical skin adhesives. Received date: May 07, 2018 Accepted date: May 23, 2018 Published date: May 28, 2018. Polym. Comparison of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate topical skin adhesive and simple interrupted nylon sutures for wound closure in ankle fracture surgery. Dermabond allergy is a rare event, but one that needs to be recognized and treated promptly. Latex allergies arise from an allergic reaction to products containing latex. 0000008714 00000 n Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2022. Cite this article. Generally, very few complications are associated with Dermabond and are usually related to application techniques. How common is it to have a rash after surgery? 2017 Dec;77(6):414-415. doi: 10.1111/cod.12823. Ricci, Joseph A. Allergy Clin. Collaborations, Submit If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Does DERMABOND PRINEO System cause any allergic reactions? 2015;73(4):195-221. Epub 2021 Dec 16. 0000098813 00000 n The site is secure. On postoperative day one, she was seen routinely and was well. Academic Pulmonary Sleep Medicine Physician Opportunity in Scenic Central Pennsylvania, MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL LABORATORY MEDICINE PHYSICIAN, CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY MEDICINE PHYSICIAN. But a cold compress or cooling pack (applied on top of clothing, not directly against the skin) will give your itch a bit of extra relief. Gearhart, Peter A. Don't add any creams to what you were prescribed without checking with your doctor. Wound closure with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (Dermabond; Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey USA) has recently increased in popularity across a wide spectrum of physicians ranging from surgeons to emergency medicine practitioners. Immunol. To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with ACD caused by Dermabond application. 0000060962 00000 n Caton AM, Dauphine C (2014) Allergic contact dermatitis after repeated exposure to Dermabond. Spauwen, P. H., de Laat, W. A. 0000002325 00000 n This report describes a rare case of a diffuse cutaneous allergic reaction to Dermabond following its use to close a surgical incision, its prompt identification, and treatment after presentation to an emergency department. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Jurado-Palomo J, Caballero T, Fernndez-Nieto M, Quirce S (2009) Occupational asthma caused by artificial cyanoacrylate fingernails. %PDF-1.7 % J. MeSH Mc Donald BS, Buckley DA (2014) Severe dermatitis from Dermabond surgical glue. Commentary on: Does Implant Surface Texture Affect the Risk of Capsular Contracture in Subglandular Breast Augmentation and Breast Augmentation-Mastopexy? Of the 1145 patients included in the study, 32 (2.8%) patients were referred to dermatologists for suspected ACD after the use of a topical skin adhesive in the foot and ankle surgery, and 29 (2.5%) patients were diagnosed with ACD. Dermabond was applied after her subcuticular suture closure. 6, 171177 (1999). She received perioperative cefazolin, and the implants were bathed in bacitracin. 0000068746 00000 n The surgeon and infectious disease physician agreed that her erythema was an allergic reaction to the Dermabond. Med. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The findings of this study showed that the incidence of ACD was 2.7% in 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and 2.2% in n-butyl cyanoacrylate, but none of the variables were found to increase the risk of ACD. (n.d.). The authors describe the first case series of ACD to Dermabond Prineo where patch testing confirmed the diagnosis in all patients. White, Andrew A. community, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, USA, Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Western Connecticut Health Network, Danbury, CT, USA. The Neuroanatomy of Poststroke Subjective Sensory Hypersensitivity. J. 8600 Rockville Pike Dermatitis 2016; 27 (2):75. Lee E, Elzomor A, Zwemer C, Chen A, Thakkar PG. Ther. Inflamed skin should be treated with hydrocortisone 1% applied topically two to four times per day until reaction abates. Pamela L. Scheinman, Marc Vocanson, Ari M. Goldminz, Hyo-Eun Kwon, Hye-Jin Ahn, Min Kyung Shin, Stephan Weidinger, Lisa A. Beck, Alan D. Irvine, Young Jae Kim, Dong Jun Lim, Chong Hyun Won, Vasco Silva-Neves, Vitor Hugo, Miguel Pais-Vieira, Mario Mastrocola, Georg Matziolis, Henk Eijer, Julie Bruce, Blessing Oyedemi, Freya Harrison, Young-Je Kim, Mi Ji Choi, Beom Joon Kim, Raiyyan Aftab, Vikash H. Dodhia, Ryckie G. Wade, Scientific Reports
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