Paris: ditions de lencyclopdie des nuisances. These are two requisites together, and one being so does not make the other. 2003. For example, 1) the situations are often highly unrealistic, beyond what normal, real-world counterfactual reasoning would get one to; 2) the characters involved have abilities or disabilities that few if any humans have and sometimes3; and 3) the situations have a way of making a point or a position more memorable than a plainly stated proposition4. What should you do?1, Huizi said to Zhuangzi, The king of Wei left me the seeds of a big gourd. The Writings of Kwang-Tze. 2010. In The Sacred Books of the East, edited by F. Max Mller. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/23427 (last accessed on November 27, 2020). 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. - 95.111.234.200. So I smashed them.2. The Happiness of Fish A Taoist Tale, Huizi said, Youre not a fish how do you know what fish enjoy?, Zhuangzi said, Youre not me, so how do you know I dont know what fish enjoy?, Huizi said, Im not you, so I certainly dont know what you know. Les vres de Matre Tchouang. https://www.academia.edu/35172330/Zhuangzis_Doctrine_of_No_Emotions_forthcoming_in_Dao_Companion_to_the_Philosophy_of_the_Zhuangzi_Kim_Chong_Chong_and_Kai_Yuan_Cheng_eds_final_draft (last accessed on October 12, 2020). For example, in Chapter 1 of the Zhuangzi there is the story of a fish named Minnow turning into a bird named Breeze and being laughed at by the cicada and student-dove.19 Here Zhuangzi suggests that it is only because the little bugs have such a small perspective that they cant understand bigger things, so while its understandable that they laugh, its due to a short-sightedness on their part. This is what I call the presupposition of correctness. In discourse with others, or even with yourself, you will see it more often than not. New York: Bantam Books. Frank Jackson7 writes about a brilliant neuroscientist named Mary who has extensive knowledge of all of the physical facts about color. I planted them, ______. It is at this juncture which we return to Zhuangzis answer, to Kun skyward transformation into Peng, and to the scoldquails ignorance of Pengs necessity to soar so high for so far a journey. My organs are all out of order. 3Of course there is no way in one paper that I could hope to take into consideration the variety of contemporary Western thought experiments and compare them to even half of the fables we find in the Zhuangzi. Albany: State University of New York Press. Such a tree has grown to a ripe old age by adapting itself to its environment. Correspondence to Zhuangzi said, The minnows swim about so freely, following the openings wherever they take them. WebHuizi and Zhuangzi. Dschuang-Dsi. <>>> The video below (Flight from the Shadow) is an example of the type of teaching he engaged in. Zhuang Zi and the Education of the Emotions. Comparative Philosophy 9.1: 3246. Wang, Rongpei, trans. New York: Columbia University Press. London: Bernard Quaeitch. The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and refutations. Contemporary Annotations and Translations of the Zhuangzi . 1889. Why should we be so troubled by an arm that turns into a rooster? Albany: State University of New York Press. . Emotions and Genuineness in Chinese Native Thinking: A Response to Graham and Hansen ():. Journal of Beijing Youth Politics College 14.1: 4852. Leiden: Brill. Contemporary Annotations and Translations of the Zhuangzi . Middendorf, Ulrike. The debate between Zhuangzi and Huizi has profound epistemological significance, however, the main body of their debate comprises logical inferences and refutations. 2015. Even though the lessons are in story form, that doesnt mean that they are easy to decipher. This combined with Zhuangzis penchant for irony, the fact that Zhuangzi alludes to fictitious characters and texts, and even takes real figures like Confucius and attributes to the sage things we cant be sure Confucius actually said all of this can make it hard to know what exactly he thinks of the people and things he writes about. over 2,300 years ago He taught the Tao, or way, an approach to life based on effortlessness and harmony with ones nature. 2013. 24Alternatively, perhaps Zhuangzi thinks Master Chariot is crazy, and he is inventing a character who seems accepting of such ridiculous things happening as a way of questioning the sanity of a mind that is so calm and unperturbedMaster Chariot then would be an example of how Daoist passivity can go too far. The video below (Flight from the Shadow) is an example of the type of teaching he engaged in. Roth, Harold D. 1991. I planted it, and it bore a fruit as big as a five bushel measure. Wang Bi and Xuanxue. In Dao Companion to Daoist Philosophy, edited by Xiaogan Liu. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Fundamentals of Comparative and Intercultural Philosophy. Jena: Diederichs. Emotionless in Confucianism and Daoism: A New Interpretation. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 38.1: 118133. Dancy, J., 1985, The role of imaginary cases in ethics, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 66: 141-153. 2000. Most scholars have understood qing in this exchange as referring to feelings or emotions. We take issue with such readings. Despeux, Catherine. This engenders in him an arrogance which in turn leads him to believe that that which makes sense to him is necessarily correct. I cut them into pieces to make ladles, but they were so flat and broad that they wouldn't hold anything. Emotion and Agency in Zhuangzi. Asian Philosophy: An International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East 21.1: 97121. Huizi destroys is because it is worthless to him but Zhuangzi gets mad and says that he could have used it The Status of Qing in Philosophical Texts of Ancient China. In Expressions of States of Mind in Asia, edited by Paolo Santangelo. Jackson has actually since changed his position on the thesis of physicalism and he no longer thinks its false. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. The thought experiments here and conclusions about the imaginary cases are taken to help defend a certain stance (e.g., against utilitarianism, against strong artificial intelligence) that the philosopher wants to take. 2008. In Les pres du systme Taoste. Indianapolis: Hackett. . 1928/1989. The maker of things is really knotting me up.Master Sacrifice said, Do you dislike it?He said, Not at all. Tang, Yijie. I filled it with liquid, but it was not firm enough to lift. Albany: State University of New York Press. Albany: State University of New York Press. He really has convinced himself that his knowledge and mode of thinking is complete! Puett, Michael J. 2001. 2007. Dao 20, 133148 (2021). For example, Robert Nozick imagines a machine that can give a person whatever experiences she desires.16 While in this Experience Machine the person will really feel the pleasure of those experiences and will not know that its all just a simulation. Middendorf, Ulrike. It wasnt that they werent wonderfully big, but they were useless. Zhuangzi himself has traditionally been taken as the author of some of the chapters, although his precise contribution is uncertain. Qin, Xuqing , and Sun Yongchang , trans. The Ethics of Responding Properly: The Notion Qing in Early Chinese Thought. In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. What happens if we take Mary out of her black and white bubble and show her a red tomato? For example, Nozick claims that no one would actually plug into his Experience Machine for life, and he uses this to argue that there is something wrong with utilitarianism, the view which states that all we should care about is maximizing pleasure. He went on to plant these seeds when they grew too large to be able towater them, he decided to smash them into pieces instead. He is sabotaging the very tools he might have used to explore his unconscious self and discover something useful. Beyond the Troubled Water of Shifei: From Disputation to Walking-Two-Roads in the Zhuangzi. 2010. ______, trans. First, we demonstrate that, while Huizi probably understands qing as something like feelings or emotions, Zhuangzis view is that having qing is connected with making shifei judgments whereas having no qing means that shifei has no grip on those ren, especially the shengren. 2001. Puett, Michael J. Yet he commits this very sin, and all because he feels he reached a valid conclusion. Huizi said to Zhuangzi, The King of Wei gave me the seed of a great gourd. Zhuangzi. Chinn, E., 1997, Zhuangzi and relativistic skepticism, Asian Philosophy, 7, 3: 207-220. Google Scholar. Zhuangzi, aka Chang Tzu, aka Zhuang Zhao, was a Chinese Taoist master, c. 300 AD. 21Van Norden makes the following comment on this story as it relates to an overarching theme we see in Zhuangzi about freeing the mind: By stressing flexible responsiveness to particular contexts, Zhuangzi encourages us to think in creative and nontraditional ways. And my neck bones point to Heaven. But though his yin and yang qi were fouled, in his mind there was nothing the matter. With Zhuangzi, however, its not clear that understanding his stories is supposed to lead us back to some aspect of human life. Albany: State University of New York Press. Article Reding, Jean-Paul. habit that he would encourage us to recognize and free ourselves of. 20Zhuangzi here seems to be criticizing Huizi for not being creative enough, for being limited in his understanding of the varying uses something can have. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Shun, Kwong-loi. It only seems useless to you because you want to turn it into something else and dont know how to appreciate it for what it is. Si, L , trans. Nothing Can Overcome Heaven: The Notion of Spirit in the Zhuangzi. In Hiding the World in the World: Uneven Discourses on the Zhuangzi, edited by Scott Cook. And between one individual and another, and another, each will be in some ways Huizi, and in other ways Zhuang Zhou. In The Sacred Books of the East, edited by F. Max Mller. It was big and all, but because it was so useless I finally just smashed it to pieces., Zhuangzi said, You are certainly stupid when it comes to using big things. 2010. Oxford: Oxford University Press. At this point one might reasonably ask: why bother stretching peoples imagination? Guo, Xiang , and Cheng Xuanying , annot. Taipei : Shijie Shuju ; http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html (last accessed on October 12, 2020). Albany: State University of New York Press. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. 1 0 obj Sometimes he offers a direct commentary on a certain character or view; other times he doesnt. Early Confucian Perspectives on Emotions. In Dao Companion to Classical Confucian Philosophy, edited by Vincent Shen. This is what the ancients call loosing the bonds. Part of Springer Nature. volume20,pages 133148 (2021)Cite this article. Guo, Xiang , and Cheng Xuanying , annot. While Laozi and Zhuangzi cause us to break out of the mundane meanings, categories and concepts that clutter and carve up our mindscape, they point to an even Eno, Robert, trans. 19To be fair, I should note that Zhuangzi doesnt always leave the reader in the dark as to what a story is about or what he himself thinks of the characters involved. Well end by analyzing a parablea conversation between logician Huizi and a fictionalize version of Zhuangzi himself: Huizi said to Zhuangzi, The King of Wei gave me the seed of a great gourd. In this article we focus on the famous dialogue between Zhuangzi and Huizi concerning the question whether or not ren (in particular the shengren ) have qing . Or consider the story of Huizi and the yard-long gourd that was too big to be a ladle so Huizi smashes it because it was useless.20 Zhuangzi then tells a story about a smart traveler who knew how to make good use of an ointment for chapped hands. WebThe Asian master of wit and storytelling is the Daoist, Zhuangzi (sometimes spelled Chuang-Tzu). Machek, David. We could leave out the trolley and avoid questions about why it's a runaway trolley and why you can't shout to the people on the tracks (which, if it were a real case, would seem like very reasonable things to do). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Such thought experiments, if they exist, are probably not considered good (Western) thought experiments. 2011. Are happy feelings and experiences all that humans are ultimately after? 4 0 obj Hui Shis questions reflect a narrow empiricist epistemic approach while Zhuangzis replies intimate that Hui Shis notion of how one knows is too restrictive (even 2011. Beijing : Zhongguo Huaqiao Chubanshe . 2002-2022 The Linguist Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Hansen, Chad. Zhang, Mosheng, , trans. 1981/2001. (LogOut/ Wieger, Lon, trans. vres De Tchoang-Tzeu. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Theory of Non-Emotion in the Zhuangzi and Its Connection to Wei-Jin Poetry. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40.2: 340354. Zhuangzi writes: Suddenly, Master Chariot got sick. Paris: Les belles lettres. 2Reading Zhuangzi one encounters anecdotes that are not quite the same as a classic Western thought experiment, and yet there are several similarities we might note. Promises and previsions in architecture and philosophy, Nespolo e la filosofia. The Ethics of Responding Properly: The Notion Qing in Early Chinese Thought. In Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature, edited by Halvor Eifring. Legge, James, trans. Watson, Burton, trans. Daoism: Laozi and Zhuangzi. In World Philosophy, edited by Jay L. Garfield and William Edelglass. New York: Bantam Books. Leiden: Brill. Our hypothetical logician has forgotten that for an argument to be sound the premises must be true and they must follow to the conclusion. Theory of Non-Emotion in the Zhuangzi and Its Connection to Wei-Jin Poetry. Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40.2: 340354. Ma, L., van Brakel, J. Revisiting the Exchange between Zhuangzi and Huizi on Qing. He does this because he knows his logic to be validthat is to say, he knows that his premises and conclusions follow. 2010. In the latter case, the focus is on the idea or question raised, which, Ive suggested, is made patently obvious in a good thought experiment. Leiden: Brill. The point is often to free us from the human perspective. On Anger: An Essay on Confucian Moral Psychology. In Returning to Zhu Xi: Emerging Patterns within the Supreme Polarity, edited by David Jones and Jinli He. Zhuangzi and Huizi were strolling on a bridge over the River Hao, when the former observed, See how the minnows dart between the rocks! The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu. 1957. Zhuangzis Doctrine of No-Emotion (pre-production draft). Now you had these gigantic gourds. Fundamentals of Comparative and Intercultural Philosophy. Huizi described the tree as gnarled, similar to Sartres description. 18In this vein perhaps we could draw an analogy between Zhuangzis work and some works in modern art where its not always clear to the observer what the artist was going for. Les fondements philosophiques de la rhtorique chez les sophistes grecs et chez les sophiste chinois. In Les pres du systme Taoste. In both, finding the message of the work or the intention of its creator is not necessarily the purpose of the piece as much as is engaging with it and walking away with something even if that something is not an understanding of the actual work but rather a broadening of the mind, an interesting question, or a pleasurable experience. How is it you never thought of making it into an enormous vessel for yourself and floating through the lakes and rivers in it? This is the dialectical nature of the universe we discussed in the previous analysis, a nature that runs to the bottom of existence itself. They are used in all branches of philosophy, including ethics, metaphysics and epistemology. PubMedGoogle Scholar. All Is Well in the Great Mess. ______. Jinan : Qilu Shushe . In comparing the features of Western thought experiments to fables from Zhuangzi, we will see that although Zhuangzis stories would likely fail to be considered good philosophical thought experiments (according to the Western tradition), the very thing that makes them fail is arguably what allows the writings of Zhuangzi to continue to inspire philosophical reflection and dialogue. If there werent other places where Zhuangzi seems to poke fun at so many people and schools of thought, arguably including Daoist thought,24 then we could be more confident in making a straightforward conclusion about what Zhuangzi likely thinks of Master Chariots all-embracing and arguably excited attitude towards his dramatically changing body and life. Zhuangzi is a master storyteller and he uses that talent to teach important moral and philosophical lessons. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. There can be no value in it. My premises and conclusion follow from each other; therefore, me conclusion is logically valid. 13 Roy Sorensen 1992 has a discussion of several criticisms on the use of thought experiments, stories, and intuition pumps, as Daniel Dennett calls them. Huizi, aka Hui Shi, was a representative of the School of Names. A Didactic Annotation to the Zhuangzi . The specific type of fiction that Western philosophers use is often called a thought experiment. Liu, Xiaogan. Feeling in Zhuangzi: From Joy to Serenity. In Expressions of States of Mind in Asia, edited by Paolo Santangelo. Being in the forest industry, I know that a crooked tree is not suitable for making standard commodity lumber products, but it can make high quality decorative products which feature its natural beauty and individuality. She knows an enormous amount of information about color, much more than you or I do, but is there anything she doesnt know about color if she has only read all about it? That is to say, we each contain this same oppositional force within and among us. Les vres de Matre Tchouang. Or in Jacksons case, why couldnt he just have stated that there are things about our experience of color that cannot be learned through propositions in science? Qing (Emotions) in Pre-Buddhist Chinese Thought. In Emotions in Asian Thought: A Dialogue in Comparative Philosophy, edited by Joel Marks and Roger T. Ames. Our text offers three additional examples: Nie Ques conversation with Wang Ni; Huizi and Zhuangzi about gourds; the story of Cook Ding (sometimes called Butcher Ding); and the story of Wheelwright Pian. 17With Zhuangzi, on the other hand, it is often not clear what exactly the point of a story is nor what position Zhuangzi himself might be criticizing or advancing. Nozicks question is, would you plug into such machine for life? A New Examination of Evidence about the Zhuangzi. Toung Pao 96.4/5: 299369. Or in Searles Chinese Room, Searle argues that because he is functioning just like a computer running a program but understands nothing of the meaning of the inputs and outputs (in Chinese) that he is manipulating, so artificial intelligence, just in virtue of running a certain program, does not have understanding. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-020-09765-6, https://www.academia.edu/35172330/Zhuangzis_Doctrine_of_No_Emotions_forthcoming_in_Dao_Companion_to_the_Philosophy_of_the_Zhuangzi_Kim_Chong_Chong_and_Kai_Yuan_Cheng_eds_final_draft, https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/23427, http://www.terebess.hu/english/chuang.html. Daoism: Laozi and Zhuangzi. In World Philosophy, edited by Jay L. Garfield and William Edelglass. One reason 2 0 obj Das wahre Buch vom sdlichen Bltenland. HuiZi said to ZhuangZi, "The Prince of Wei gave me a seed of a large-sized kind of gourd. Because my conclusion follows logically, my premises must also be correct; therefore, evidence which contradicts my premises must be false; therefore my premises must be true; and therefore my conclusion also must be correct.. Chinese and Western philosophy in dialogue, Anecdotes and thought experiments in Zhuangzi and Western philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges Press. % He accomplishes this through something reminiscent of a Socratic Dialogue. Although these differences arguably make Zhuangzis anecdotes poor thought experiments, according to Western analytic standards, it seems that if the purpose of a fabricated story is to encourage the reader to broaden her philosophical outlook, to see something more clearly that she might not have seen in a more realistic case, or to provide a more memorable way to retain a point, then Zhuangzis stories are highly effective pedagogical tools. Such distractions can be left out of fabricated cases so that we can better focus on the relevant moral principles. A Didactic Annotation to the Zhuangzi . Fraser, Chris. He hobbled over to look at his reflection in the well. You get something when its time. WebHuizis truism that Zhuangzi is not a fish shows some appreciation of the problem of SpR, but the ensuing conclusion that Zhuangzi couldnt know fish happiness assumes that 2003. 2011. Chuang-Tzu: The Inner Chapters. I split them into ladles but they were too big to dip into anything. The Background of the Mencian Theory of Human Nature. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies 6.12: 215271. but if its not clear what we are supposed to remember, then whats the point? I will then discuss some of the fictitious anecdotes that appear in the Zhuangzi. 2012. 2012. Forthcoming. First I will discuss Western thought experiments and a few reasons that have been given for and against using these tools to acquire knowledge. The goal is to figure out what to do in the actual case, which can shed light on what our prima facie duties are in other actual cases. His logic must be correct, as proven by its consistency with itself; therefore, he feels justified in taking vengeancein mocking, destroying, demolishing, and abolishing all those things which make him too keenly aware of the conflict. Different disciplines have their different tools for doing so. 2007. He believes he knows what a gourd is capable of and useful for; and therefore, he believes that his conclusion about his great gourd is correct; therefore, he believes that his trials (filling it, cutting it into a dipper, etc.)
Lee Eedle Liverpool,
Dallas Attractions For Couples,
Articles H
