H. Ge, M. Zheng, N. Lyu, Y. Lu, and H. Sun, Review on driving distraction, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, vol. Get to know our vision, experience, and leadership in the telematics industry. Were proud to use video for good as a way to empower thousands of fleets and millions of drivers so that no commercial driver is ever the cause of a collision., 3 Million Risky Driving Events Analyzed; Top 5 Most Common Risky Behaviors Identified. 4, 7 Often, several of these risk factors are present: In particular, teens who text while driving are more likely to have other risky driving behaviors as well, compared to those who don't text while driving. In order to address the influence of individual differences in the pupil area of drivers, Ding et al. The saccade amplitude of all drivers was counted, as shown in Figure 5. Firstly, the drivers fixation area was divided into six parts by using the combination of the hierarchical clustering method and mechanical division method. Due to the differences in density and importance of the information contained in different areas of the driving visual field, drivers often adopt the visual search pattern of selective attention [43]. Its 2020 study of serious or fatally injured road users suggests that the prevalence of alcohol, cannabinoids and opioids increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Du, Improvement of analytic hierarchy process based on grey correlation model and its engineering application, ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems Part A-Civil Engineering, vol. 16831706, 2020. Detect and addressrisky driving to protect drivers and preserve your bottom line., Locate your assets and maintain a healthy fleetfor increased productivity and efficiency.. 1: Drunk driving Risky driving behavior No. 210221, 2018. Risk These insights were derived from the more than 3 million event clips captured by Lytx MV+AI-powered DriveCam Event Recorders and coached by its clients throughout June, July and August 2020. Lytxisa leading provider of video telematics, analytics, safety, and productivity solutions for commercial, public sector, and field service fleets. With the continuous innovation and development of intelligent terminals and communication technologies, the equipment of various electronic devices in the car provides convenience and simultaneously makes the potential sources of distraction for drivers continue to grow, and the demand for multitasking significantly increases [5, 6]. The larger is, the more information the indicator contains, the greater the importance in the evaluation system, and the higher the weight assigned. At present, scholars have conducted some research on the visual characteristics of drivers when distracted by cell phone operations [13, 1720]. ( 2012 ) and modified by the author consistent with Indonesian context. The equation for calculating the variation coefficient of the indicator is as follows: Indicator conflict analysis. Of 3 million events coached this summer, the following five 295311, 2022. Then, according to the data statistics and ANOVA results, the sensitive indicators for measuring visual stability under different traffic conditions were selected. The limitation of this study is that the driving risk of distracted states was only assessed in terms of the drivers visual behavior, and the influence of individual attribute characteristics such as the drivers age and driving experience was not considered. In contrast, the distribution of IEFA was more discrete in free flow, indicating that IEFA was more sensitive to the influence of the driving state in this traffic condition, and the value fluctuated more. According to the division range of visual stability types, the heatmap of the VSC of each driver in different driving states was drawn, as shown in Figure 10. Drivers psychological effort increased, their psychological and physiological load increased, and their visual adaptability decreased, resulting in pupil dilation. In the two traffic conditions, compared with normal driving, the percentage of fixation point offset distance in the medium and long interval above 300px increased significantly, and the percentage in the short interval of 0100px decreased significantly in the video call state, indicating that most drivers were in a state of visual distraction during this process, and needed to shift their eyes frequently between the cell phone screen and the road ahead, expanding the visual search range of the road area to ensure driving safety. Driving is a seemingly innocuous part of modern life and, for many, has become second nature. Combine Lytx with best-in-class fleet technology for a powerful fleet management solution. 2, pp. The calculation equation of indicator conflict is as follows: Calculation of indicator information quantity. T. A. Dingus, J. M. Owens, F. Guo et al., The prevalence of and crash risk associated with primarily cognitive secondary tasks, Safety Science, vol. Each operation lasted about the 50s, with an interval of 5min for the subjects to adjust their state. T. Li, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and L. Yang, Driver fatigue detection method based on human pose information entropy, Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. 2021, Article ID 6642999, 10 pages, 2021. 19, no. In the hands-free call state, the percentage of the fixation point offset distance decreased in the interval above 300px, especially in the free flow, and the percentage of the fixation point offset distance increased significantly in the interval of 0100px, indicating that most drivers were in a state of cognitive distraction during the hands-free call, the fixation point focused on the front area of the road, and the behavior of observing the surrounding road conditions reduced significantly. The IEFA was mainly distributed from 0.769 to 1.842bits in the free flow scenario and from 0.828 to 1.672bits in the congested flow scenario. The study shows that drivers All Rights Reserved. The driving states had a significant influence on IEFA, while the traffic conditions and the interaction between the traffic conditions and the driving states had no significant influence on IEFA. And distracted driving is dangerous, resulting in the deaths of 3,142 people in 2020, according to the NHTSA. The captured clips span Lytxs entire client base, including thousands of trucking, distribution, waste, public sector, construction, transit and service fleets. X. Ding, H. Wang, M. Gao, and Z. Lyu, Evaluation and modeling of driver's visual load at entrance and exit of a highway tunnel, Tunnel Construction, vol. The concept of PAPR was introduced into the study of human visual characteristics, and the peak-to-average ratio of saccade velocity (PARSV) was established to reflect the dynamic balance degree of saccade behavior and to represent the stability of individual visual search ability, as defined in the following equation:where PARSV (dB) denotes the peak-to-average ratio of saccade velocity, denotes saccade peak velocity, is the saccade average velocity. There have been many years of evolving policies to reduce the instances of this behavior, and it is a combination of stricter enforcement and serious penalties.. The lighter the color, the lower the VSC, the worse the drivers visual stability, and the greater the driving risk. To join, visit AAA.com. The smartphones used in the driving missions were equipped with the WeChat chat application. 537541, 2021. Compared with the normal driving state, the correlation coefficients of drivers in cell phone calls showed different degrees of decrease, and the correlation coefficients in the video call state decreased sharply, and the values fluctuated significantly. The significance level is set to 0.1, then =1.25, and the value range of is between 0.25 and 0.5. This behaviour includes everything from texting to checking emails to driving while under emotional strain, all of which can lead to accidents. All Rights Reserved. The AAA Foundations annual Traffic Safety Culture Index found that drivers who use both marijuana and alcohol were significantly more prone to driving under the influence of alcohol (Table 1) versus those who only drink alcohol but do not use marijuana. With more than 160,000 new driving events captured every 24 hours, Lytx clients benefit from the industrys most reliable and expansive data set to help them detect and reduce high-risk driving behaviors. Y. Yao, X. Zhao, X. Feng, and J. Rong, Assessment of secondary tasks based on drivers' eye-movement features, IEEE Access, vol. Can you name them all? Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the visual behavior characteristics of drivers in the process of distracted driving to evaluate the risk of distracted behavior. 56, no. In addition, the correlation coefficient between indicators may be negative, resulting in errors in the evaluation results. 63, pp. 9, pp. Drivers use visual search information to perform speed control, turning, lane changing, and other operations. Risk In order to quantitatively characterize the influence of cell phone call mode on the drivers visual behavior in different traffic conditions and to analyze the risk level of distracted driving from the visual level, a distracted driving simulation test was Finally, the grey correlation analysis method was introduced to verify the assessment effect of VSC. Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a common indicator in the field of communication technology, used to describe the dynamic variation range of the signal envelope as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of a time-domain signal [49]. 6: Drowsy driving, car insurance rates may increase after a DUI, The Governors Highway Safety Association has a map. F. You, H. Tu, Y. Gong, H. Wang, and J. Xu, Influence of mobile phone social entertainment operation on driver's visual parameters, Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, vol. Here, 3D-MAX software was used to build the test scenario to simulate the driving conditions of drivers on urban expressways in clear weather. Manufacturing fear-based trigger-happyresponses to innocent behavior can be deadly. Driving Behavior 17, 2018. D'Ambrosio, and J. F. Coughlin, Self-reported and observed risky driving behaviors among frequent and infrequent cell phone users, Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. Copyright 2023 CarInsurance.com. 7177, 2013. Disclaimer: The advertisers appearing on this website are clients from which QuinStreet receives compensation (Sponsors). Therefore, based on the calculation principle of the traditional CRITIC method, the standard deviation is replaced by the coefficient of variation, which eliminates the influence of different magnitude and indicator means on the indicator variability, while the correlation coefficient is taken as the absolute value in indicator conflict calculation, and the establishment process of the indicator weights by using the improved CRITIC method as follows:(1)Construction of original data matrix. We have an advertising relationship with some of the offers included on this page. In two traffic conditions, compared to the normal driving state, the VSC generally decreased when drivers were distracted, and the decrease in VSC during video calls was significantly higher than that of hands-free calls, indicating that the video call had a greater negative impact on drivers driving safety. In order to quantitatively characterize the influence of cell phone call mode on the drivers visual behavior in different traffic conditions and to analyze the risk level of distracted driving from the visual level, a distracted driving simulation test was carried out based on a driving simulator and eye tracker. The rankings and listings of our reviews, tools and all other content are based on objective analysis, and we fully own our opinions. Young drivers, who lack the experience and judgment to break for a rest, are the most likely to have fallen asleep at the wheel, according to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Change of VSC and grey correlation degree in different traffic conditions and driving states. Hardware. (4)Indicator conflict analysis. The mean IEFA in the video call state surged compared with the normal driving state, with growth rates of 18.82% and 18.54% in free flow and congested flow, respectively. One-way ANOVA of the influence of driving state on IEFA. The saccade amplitude was mainly distributed from 6.67 to 24.76 in the free flow scenario and from 3.47 to 21.27 in the congested flow scenario. While millennials clearly make up the largest percentage of risky drivers, not everyone agrees that bad driving is a millennial problem. 253262, 2018. 3, pp. Considering the lack of in-depth discussion on the impact of video call operation on drivers driving safety in previous studies, this article designed two typical traffic flow scenarios of free flow and congested flow on urban expressways to carry out a distracted driving simulation test and collected the eye movement data of drivers in three driving states of normal driving, hands-free call, and video call, respectively, and comprehensively considered the characteristics of drivers eye fixation, saccade, and pupil changes to select four visual indicators. 11, p. 1805, 2016. And, yes, police interactions can be risky, but the people driving these vehicles are choosing to experience a police interaction when they brazenly break the The mean value of the correlation coefficient of the corresponding elements of the comparison sequence and the reference sequence is calculated to reflect its association with the reference sequence, which is called the correlation degree, as shown in the following equation. What is a JUA or an assigned risk pool for high-risk driver car insurance? If you receive a ticket for texting and driving, its likely to drive up your auto insurance rates. L. Guadron, A. J. van Opstal, and J. Goossens, Speed-accuracy tradeoffs influence the main sequence of saccadic eye movements, Scientific Reports, vol. These behaviors include drunk driving, drug-impaired driving, distracted driving, not wearing a seat belt, speeding, and drowsy driving. driving 1, p. 10, 2022. Fees for shipment of hardware may apply. D. Monzer, A. Abou Ali, M. Abou-Zeid, and N. M. Moacdieh, Voice messaging while driving: effects on driving performance and attention, Applied Ergonomics, vol. Archived - Safer Roads campaign highlights too many fatalities (5)Calculation of indicator information quantity. 4, pp. 3, pp. About 28 people in the United States die in drunk-driving crashes every day. Considering the indicator variability and conflict, the information quantity, Calculation of indicator weights. Therefore, driving distraction is a major factor affecting the safety of the road traffic system [1416]. 61, pp. N. Zhao, B. Reimer, B. Mehler, L. A. Furthermore, feature importance analysis was applied to the final. Section 2 describes in detail the design content of the distracted driving simulation test. Drivers, Weighted to Represent U.S. Driving Population Ages 16 and Older. Section 4 analyzes the influence of the coupling effect of traffic conditions and cell phone call modes on drivers' visual characteristics. When someone is drink-driving, their reaction time is much slower and their ability to judge speed is signifiactly affected, which can increase the risk of a car accident. We help protect more than 4,800 clients and 1.6 million drivers across the globe. In this article, we investigated the influence of the combined effect of traffic conditions and driving states on drivers visual behavior by constructing four visual characteristics indicators, IEFA, saccade amplitude, PARSV, and RCPA, combined with descriptive statistics and ANOVA methods. Learn how to avoid unnecessary arguments and recognize the triggers which may result in aggressive or risky behaviors. With traffic deaths on the rise, psychologists are being called on Information entropy is an indicator to quantify the amount of information in information theory, borrowed from thermodynamics and measures the ordering degree of a system. (See abstract). Advertised example rates are returned based on the driver's self-reported data and the driver meeting certain criteria. Considering the actual speed of the urban expressway and the ability to follow the vehicle in the simulated driving environment, the speed of the LV was designed to be 65km/h. Therefore, the division of visual field areas and the accurate representation of the distribution characteristics of drivers fixation areas are the basis for studying drivers visual characteristics. Survey of Driver Attitudes and Behavior Summary of Findings Communication: The Key to Understanding Behaviors The analysis shows that all kinds of cell phone call operations caused a general decrease in drivers VSC, among which the negative impact of the video call on driving safety was more significant, and the decrease in VSC was significantly higher than that of the hands-free call. Meanwhile, speed-related crashes continue, and fatality rates on our roadways continue to increase.. Fixation area division based on hierarchical clustering of fixation points. Combined with the results of the sampling survey, set =0.3 and set =10%. Here are the three most common factors in drowsy-driving crashes: NHTSA Distracted Driving Dangers and Statistics, NHTSA Drowsy Driving: How to Avoid Falling Asleep Behind the Wheel, NHTSA Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities for the First 9 Months (JanuarySeptember) of 2022, NHTSA The Economic and Societal Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2019. 42, no. Understand how telematics technology works to help fleets improve their operations, safety, and compliance. X. Yang, F. Wang, Y. Wang, T. Zhao, C. Gao, and X. Hu, Are pupils the window of our mind? 4: Not using seat belts, Risky driving behavior No. 494500, 2019. This industry-leading, ultra-precise MV+AI triggers in-cab alerts that empower drivers to recognize their own risky driving habits and self-correct in the moment. Table 2. It can be considered that the more orderly the system is, the smaller the information entropy is, and vice versa [46, 47]. The eye movement data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. The test consisted of a pretest and a formal test. Machine Vision and Artificial Intelligence, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. 124, Article ID 103187, 2022. 8697, 2018. 54, no. The PARSV of drivers was significantly different in different driving states under different traffic conditions. The RCPA was introduced into the study of distracted driving, calculated as shown in the following equation:where denotes the RCPA of the driver at time , which is dimensionless, and (mm2) are the pupil area at time and time when the driver is in normal driving, hands-free call, or video call state in the formal test, respectively. Study Shows Parents Driving Behaviors Influence Teens 28, no. Travelers Canada Announces Results of Distracted Driving Risk Section 3 introduces the concepts and analysis steps of the improved CRITIC weighting model and the grey correlation analysis method. T. A. Dingus, F. Guo, S. Lee et al., Driver crash risk factors and prevalence evaluation using naturalistic driving data, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. Seat belts keep you from being ejected from a vehicle and are designed to work with airbags, protecting passengers and drivers in the event of a crash. A separate NHTSA study put the cost of vehicle crashes at $340 billion, based on 2019 crash data. Studies have also shown that hands-free calls have no less negative impact on driving performance than hand-held calls [26]. Similarly, the higher the information entropy of the drivers fixation area is, the more discrete the distribution of fixation points is, and vice versa, the more concentrated it is. Weve led the way for more than 20 years, advancing fleet safety, efficiency, and compliance. The most common distraction research is on cell phone call operations, which is a continuous and cumulative distraction process, and the research usually focuses on hand-held and hands-free calls. Drivers in the UAE engage in risky behaviours and they are highly distracted. 454468, 2012. Based on the improved CRITIC method, the weights of visual characteristics indicators in the two traffic conditions were calculated, respectively, and the calculation results are shown in Table 12. Ages 60-74: 67.3 percent. risky Anything that takes a driver's attention from the road, including dialing, texting, and adjusting cell phones and other electronic devices, increases the risk of car As alcohol is ingested, it passes into the bloodstream and accumulates before the liver metabolizes it. Overall design framework of simulated driving test. Percentage of VSC in each interval for different traffic conditions and driving states. Driving while under the influence of alcohol can lead to serious penalties. Lytx maintains the fastest-growing proprietary database of professional driving data of its kind, currently surpassing 130 billion miles of driving data. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. 647653, 2021. A. I. Dumitru, T. Girbacia, R. G. Boboc, C. C. Postelnicu, and G. L. Mogan, Effects of smartphone based advanced driver assistance system on distracted driving behavior: a simulator study, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. The drivers VSC in the free flow scenario was more sensitive to the impact of cell phone call operation, and the increase in driving risk was greater when driving distracted. These behaviors include drunk driving, drug A. R. Mishra, P. Rani, and K. Pandey, Fermatean fuzzy CRITIC-EDAS approach for the selection of sustainable third-party reverse logistics providers using improved generalized score function, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. Fixation points represent the spatial focus that drivers pay attention to, and concentrated areas represent drivers Areas of Interest (AOI). K. Leighton, S. Kardong-Edgren, T. Schneidereith, and C. Foisy-Doll, Using social media and snowball sampling as an alternative recruitment strategy for research, Clinical Simulation in Nursing, vol. The eye movement data of drivers during normal driving, hands-free call, and video call under two typical traffic conditions of free flow and congested flow on the urban expressway were collected. T. M. Rudisill, H. Chu, and M. T. Zhu, Cell phone use while driving laws and motor vehicle driver fatalities: differences in population subgroups and location, Annals of Epidemiology, vol. J. Zhang, Y. Wang, and G. Lu, Extended desired safety margin car-following model that considers variation of historical perceived risk and acceptable risk, Transportation Research Record, vol. The mean value of the correlation coefficient of the corresponding elements of the comparison sequence and the reference sequence is calculated to reflect its association with the reference sequence, which is called the correlation degree, as shown in the following equation: The larger the , the lower sensitive the th driving state is to the influence of the evaluation indicator. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire fitted properly in two correlated factors, labeled as Risky Driving and Aggressive Driving. This is quite a bold statement, I know, but it is pure science, the science of behavior. With the popularization of smartphones and the update of communication software functions, video chatting is becoming increasingly popular. 168181, 2021. The lower the VSC, the worse the drivers visual stability, resulting in greater driving risk. WebChronic fatigue symptoms of jobs are risk factors that may cause errors and lead to occupational accidents. Laura is an award-winning editor with experience in content and communications covering auto insurance and personal finance. A high PAPR of the system is likely to cause signal distortion, which will lead to an increase in the bit error rate (BER) of the system and result in hardware loss and system performance degradation, so it must be suppressed [5052]. 2, pp. The one-way ANOVA was conducted on the RCPA, as shown in Table 10. The simulated cockpit adopted real vehicle control components and was modified from the BYD F3 car. Percent of Events in which Behavior was Present, Seatbelt use continues to stand out as both a top behavior fleets are actively looking to address and one that drivers continue to struggle with, despite the inherent dangers and risk of policy violations and citations, said Del Lisk, Lytxs vice president of safety services. Y. Yao, X. Zhao, H. Du, Y. Zhang, and J. Rong, Classification of distracted driving based on visual features and behavior data using a random forest method, Transportation Research Record, vol. 679687, 2022. However, the distribution of fixation data collected by the eye tracker is discrete, and the pattern is not obvious. Economic implications of a speed-related crash. Finally, the grey correlation analysis was used to quantify the sensitivity of three driving states affecting VSC under different traffic conditions, and the correlation degrees of different driving states were consistent with the variation rule of mean VSC, which further verified the validity of VSC on the risk assessment results of driving states. About Lytx Trial services are provided at no cost for up to 1 month. Risky driving behavior was measured the Behavior of Young Novice Drivers Scale (BYNDS), developed by Scott-Parker et al. Automotive, Travel, and Traffic Safety Information. 21, no. 3643, 2013. This report drives home just how devastating traffic crashes are for families and the economic burden they place on society, Ann Carlson, NHTSAs acting administrator, said in a statement. Cell phone call operations during driving can lead to distraction and cause potential safety hazards. Do Distraction, Emotion, and Other Unsafe Behaviors In the two traffic conditions, the mean RCPA in the cell phone operating state was generally higher than that in the normal driving state, and the growth rates of RCPA in the hands-free call were low, 2.79% and 12.33% in free flow and congested flow, respectively, and the change in RCPA was mainly caused by the increased psychological and physiological load of the drivers. To complete this review, electronic searches using databases from the disciplines of nursing, medicine, and psychology were used with keywords alcohol and risky behavior, risky drinking, risky driving, risky sex, and sexual aggression, as well While there are usually point systems assigned to state drivers licenses, the structure and frequency of penalties almost guarantee that only the most egregious drivers would face the stiffest penalties. Some of the major stressors reported included: Watching the behaviours of other drivers, including distracted driving (78 per cent).
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