For example, it may be technically challenging for an occupant detection system to recognize a large occupant spanning multiple seating positions as a single occupant rather than two occupants. 0000008899 00000 n FALSE Under these regulations, a short-term deactivation may only be effectuated by specific controls that are not integrated in the safety-belt buckle and only when the vehicle is stationary. [95], NHTSA has conducted a variety of research relating to the effectiveness of in-vehicle seat belt warnings. Transportation Research Board Study, supra, pp. For example, would a less sophisticated warning, such as a specialized system of mirrors, be sufficient to inform the driver about the status of the rear seat belts? [97] Seat belt non-users are typically categorized as either part-time non-users or so-called hard-core non-users. This feature is not available for this document. We will consider all comments received before the close of business on the comment closing date indicated above under DATES. 26. (Because the negative-only and full-status systems would indicate the presence of an unbuckled belt, they would probably want to avoid giving this warning unless the seat were occupied; if not, such false positives could lead the driver the disregard the warning or circumvent the system.). 0000017138 00000 n Frontal air bags have been standard equipment in all passenger cars since model year 1998 and in all SUVs, pickups and vans since model year 1999. 208 is intended to reduce the likelihood of occupant deaths and the likelihood and severity of occupant injuries in crashes. The ECE regulations do not require occupant detection. That law requires DOT to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend FMVSS No. that required NHTSA to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of several different types of enhanced seat belt warnings offered by a number of manufacturers. The study found, among other things, that 81 percent of drivers of vehicles with a rear seat belt warning were very satisfied with the system warning at the beginning of a trip; less than 2 percent were dissatisfied. An occupant detection system in the rear seat may have difficulty detecting a child restraint system. 208, Occupant crash protection, to require a seat belt use warning system for rear seats. The President of the United States manages the operations of the Executive branch of Government through Executive orders. NHTSA especially seeks any data related to these issues. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Public Law 112-141, 31503 (2012). documents in the last year, 422 The document also seeks comment on removing the 8-second maximum duration for the driver's seat belt warning specified in FMVSS No. 2019-20644 Filed 9-26-19; 8:45 am], updated on 4:15 PM on Friday, April 28, 2023, updated on 8:45 AM on Friday, April 28, 2023, 126 documents On June 29, 2010, the agency published a Request for Comments (RFC) on the petition. Traffic signals direct traffic flow from two different directions. As noted above, an enhanced warning that activates for an unoccupied seat could be a nuisance that either desensitizes the occupants to the warning signal or leads them to circumvent or defeat the warning. 18-20. Unattended vehicles shall be parked with the drivers side facing the aircraft and so it will not interfere with aircraft being towed or taxied. Repeated violations are cause for disciplinary action, which may include suspension and/or dismissal.5. Seat belts will be worn by all occupants, at all times.6. Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. ECE Regulation No. 0000063657 00000 n The ___ signals the driver to stop behind the limit or crosswalk line before the intersection, Turn lanes are specifically designated lanes in the roadway for turning either right or left. 04/28/2023, 258 DOT HS 812 594). We also seek comment about whether a rear seat belt warning would reliably detect a child restraint system attached by a child restraint anchorage system, or LATCH.[102]. If one vehicle is going 20 mph and another is going 60 mph, the one going 60 mph has ______ times the force at impact as the one going 20 mph. 16[17] of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UNECE) that will require seat belt reminder systems in all front and rear seats on new cars beginning in September 2019. We also seek comment on the costs and benefits of different types of warnings. 18. Register, and does not replace the official print version or the official documents in the last year, 1008 The seat belt and/or occupant detection sensors utilized by the rear warning system in vehicles with removable rear seats are intentionally disconnected. 37. The visual signal must be at least 60 seconds long. Among those that supported requiring rear seat belt warnings were IEE S.A., Consumers Union, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the Automotive Occupant Restraint Council (now known as the Automotive Safety Council), and the American Academy of Pediatrics. 0000031621 00000 n Transportation Research Board Study, supra, pp. The vehicles with seat belt warning systems were Volvos and certain Cadillac and Chevrolet models. House Report 107-108, June 22, 2001. at 31202(a)(2) (repealing portion of 49 U.S.C. Is this an appropriate threshold? 57. NHTSA has implemented a variety of non-regulatory approaches to increase seat belt use, such as the annual Click It or Ticket mobilization, which includes a national advertising campaign backed up by high-visibility local enforcement of state seat belt laws. PCMAG, 20 Nov. 2022 Across the state in 2021 the seat belt compliance rate was 93.5% but unbelted occupants still accounted for over half of those killed in traffic crashes, the release said. [47] The amount of alcohol in a 1 oz. What minimum length of time would be sufficient to capture the driver's (or passenger's) attention for the rear seat belt warning, without becoming a distraction or nuisance for the driver (or passenger)? Among drivers of vehicles without a rear seat belt warning, attitudes towards rear belt warnings were generally positive as well: A majority (55%) indicated that it was important to them that their next vehicle be equipped with a rear belt warning system. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [hereinafter DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study], p. 1. Seat occupancy criteria. Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur, Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. DOT 2007 Acceptability Study, supra, pp. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [29] Rear seat belts are generally required except in certain buses (such as school buses) between 10,000 lb and 26,000 lb, and for school, perimeter, and transit buses over 26,000 lb. NHTSA also seeks comment on removing the driver's seat belt warning audible signal duration upper limit. It also includes an audiovisual change-in-status warning. 0000184582 00000 n 09/26/2019 at 8:45 am. [72] trailer 0000101538 00000 n Based on information submitted to the agency in connection with the agency's NCAP for MY 2018, 99.9 percent of participating vehicle models offered for sale in the U.S. had an enhanced warning (audio and/or visual) for the driver, right front passenger, or both, with a duration exceeding the FMVSS No. 208 to provide a safety belt use warning system for designated seating positions in the rear seat. We also seek comment on ways to propose performance requirements that provide manufacturers with the flexibility to design a warning system that is appropriate for each vehicle type. For front seat belts, the assessment protocol requires both a visual and an audible warning signal. 0000031853 00000 n Alcohol-related crashes cost society $44 billion annually. We especially seek comment on whether a rear seat belt warning should be required for high-occupancy vehicles such as 15-passenger vans, large sport utility vehicles, school buses, and large trucks and vans with a GVWR less than or equal to 4,536 kg (10,000 lb).[86]. 0000013080 00000 n This study, which was completed in 2015, involved a telephone survey of the drivers of vehicles with and without rear seat belt warning systems. 0000101579 00000 n [45] 30124. 0000007972 00000 n WebFor the optimization with the unbelted driver, only the 0 condition was used as a constraint in the optimization. [24] Public Law 109-59, 10306 (2005). For rear seats, a visual signal must start once the ignition switch is engaged. Operation of vehicle without approved material in windows. The petitioners noted that primary enforcement laws typically do not cover rear seat occupants and asserted that studies have proven that warnings for rear seat belts significantly increase rear passenger seat belt use. 0000009731 00000 n NHTSA also seeks comment on how the potential for false positives can be minimized (because false positives can lead occupants to ignore or circumvent the warnings, or lead to driver distraction). Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. Owner's manual readership may be relatively low,[80] In accordance with that grant and continuing with the proceeding that MAP-21 required to be initiated, the agency is publishing this Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. documents in the last year, by the Justice Department 0 (MAP-21 also repeals a statutory provision that prohibited NHTSA from requiring or specifying as a compliance option an audible seat belt warning lasting longer than 8 seconds.) Because the existing seat belt warning requirements in S7.3 apply only to the driver seat, they do not contemplate an occupant detection system (because, traditionally, driver seat occupancy could be assumed). [64] 65. 102. NHTSA also seeks comment on the potential for false warnings, and how this might be addressed. Under the Florida Statutes, a point system was established to keep track of inappropriate driving behavior and set cumulative point totals that will result in a licensing action. Please note that pursuant to the Data Quality Act, in order for substantive data to be relied on and used by NHTSA, it must meet the information quality standards set forth in the OMB and DOT Data Quality Act guidelines. Under the second option, when the key is turned to the on or start position, the vehicle must provide a visual warning for 4 to 8 seconds (regardless of whether the driver seat belt is fastened) and an audible warning lasting 4 to 8 seconds, if the driver seat belt is not in use. Since seat belt warning systems are generally initiated at the beginning of a trip (i.e., when the ignition switch is moved to the on or start position) so as to assure that occupants are safely restrained prior to any potential vehicle crash, this is perhaps the most intuitive approach for rear seat belt warnings as well. A.) NHTSA, therefore, seeks comment on the potential benefits and costs of the different types of rear seat belt warning system discussed in this notice, including those that provide a warning similar to the kinds of seat belt warnings that are provided in current-production vehicles in the United States or elsewhere in the world, as well as other potentially novel approaches. Removable seats are mainly found in the second row of minivans. Euro NCAP specifies that, if there is no occupant detection, only a 60 second visual signal is needed for the rear warning in order to earn bonus points, and the new ECE regulation also only requires a 60 second visual signal for the rear warning. Rear seats may frequently be used to transport cargo such as groceries, pets, and other heavy objects, which could be mistaken for an occupant. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, Version 8.0.2, November 2017. 0000023448 00000 n DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 57. Under 49 U.S.C. [8] developer tools pages. on FederalRegister.gov DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 39 (drivers); p. 45 (passengers). 208, Occupant crash protection (49 CFR 571.208) to require a seat belt use warning system for rear seats. Donna Glassbrenner & Marc Starnes. :Z_. Volvo, Toyota, Mazda, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover offer vehicles for sale in the U.S. with rear seat belt warning systems. The warnings provided by seat belt warning systems typically consist of visual and/or audible signals. Euro NCAP provides consumer information on the safety of new cars. 208, Occupant crash protection, to require a seat belt use warning system for rear seats. Mazda and Ford introduced rear seat belt reminders in MY 2018 and 2019, respectively. A.) 10. d. Cu(OH)2\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{OH})_2Cu(OH)2 It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. For example, to what extent does the sound of the latch plate clicking into the buckle when a belt is fastened currently serve as an indication of seat belt use? Calculated from Boyle & Lampkin, supra, p. 11 (Fig. This could be addressed by requiring a sequential logic system. The agency received 26 comments. The NHTSA estimates that ___% of the 11,510 drivers with a BAC of .01 or higher who were involved in fatal crashes had BAC levels at or above .08. 0000028314 00000 n [83] The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 directs NHTSA to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. Your driving privilege will be canceled if you fail to comply with some portion of the Florida Statutes. 208, as well as twenty different enhanced warning systems. Belt use criteria. Starting in September 2019, the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) Regulation No. Should it be linked to the vehicle's speed and/or transmission position (e.g., forward or reverse, or other criteria), and if so, what should the criteria be, and why? That is, women, elderly drivers, speeding, seat belt non-use, and recent model year vehicles are associated with an increased risk of fatality. Identify the rulemaking by docket number and other identifying information (subject heading. The most frequently recorded BAC level among drinking drivers in fatal crashes was ___. The report also noted that there are a wide range of initiatives . 11. Road rage is the term used to refer to physical assaults that result from a traffic dispute. Until the ACFR grants it official status, the XML [23], Manufacturers have two compliance options for the driver's warning. See also Buckling Up: Technologies to Increase Seat Belt Use. [60] As discussed above, Congress enacted this restriction in 1974. 9. (2019, February). [51] The rele- In 2012, Congress passed MAP-21. edition of the Federal Register. Manufacturers would Start Printed Page 51089also have to determine whether driver and rear passenger seat belt warning visual signals would be treated the same. GM also offered rear seat belt warning systems as standard equipment in the United States (starting in MY 2010 for the Cadillac SRX and MY 2011 for the Volt) and such systems were offered on the Cadillac MY 2016 XTS and MY 2015 ELR, as well as the MY 2016 Chevy SS. Confidential Business Information: If you wish to submit any information under a claim of confidentiality, you should submit three copies of your complete submission, including the information you claim to be confidential business information, to the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the address given under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. ][99] 27. While every effort has been made to ensure that 0000007371 00000 n Boyle & Lampkin, supra, p. 75. [9] NHTSA's research (for front seat belt Start Printed Page 51087warnings) suggests that longer-duration warnings are more effective, but also more annoying. 0000016204 00000 n The agency also seeks comment on the safety need for such warnings and the costs and feasibility of addressing these issues. [55] Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 1. In 2015 the agency completed an additional report on the effectiveness and consumer acceptance of rear seat belt warnings, based on a consumer survey. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. What is now the second option (S7.3(a)(2)) became effective in 1974 and has remained unchanged since then. Would the warning be distinguishable from other alerts that are provided to the driver? h[hkg6MMGp7w)**981&Ym55[]DEDD The first level warning consists of a visual warning that is active for at least 30 seconds when any occupied front seat has an unfastened seat belt. This information is not part of the official Federal Register document. Docket No. [42] 0000014383 00000 n In order to perform compliance testing on a rear seat belt warning system that uses occupant detection, should NHTSA use one or more of these dummies, or specify occupancy conditions based on one of these dummies? For example, NHTSA could specify use of the 6-year-old test dummy. c. PbSO4\mathrm{PbSO}_4PbSO4 Euro NCAP specifies at least a 90 second visual signal for the front seats and only a 60 second visual signal for the rear seats in order to earn bonus points. For systems without occupant Start Printed Page 51080detection, the visual signal must clearly indicate to the driver which seat belts are in use and not in use. Many vehicle manufacturers subsequently implemented enhanced seat belt warnings for the driver and front outboard passenger seating positions. 208. [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. More than 400 of these occupants would have survived if they had worn their seat belts. 208 requires a seat belt warning system for the driver's seat, but not other seating positions. These measurements come from FMVSS No. 2. In 2001, the House Committee on Appropriations directed NHTSA to contract with the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study on the benefits and acceptability of minimally intrusive vehicle technologies to increase seat belt use. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, p. 47. . To what extent would requiring a warning be visible to rear passengers increase cost and complexity, and would this be justified? Enhanced warning systems. 21. Brian L. Cox, Chicago Tribune, 7 June 2022 See More See Docket Nos. "|\JUe373 {Pa model year vehicles. Passenger vehicles with more than one person. Wandering eyes and a basic lack of attention to the road _________ the potential for a collision. All of the above A variety of potential system requirements could be proposed to address this potential issue. daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial 208 to require a seat belt warning system for rear seats on passenger cars and multipurpose passenger vehicles (MPVs) with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4,536 kilograms (10,000 pounds) or less. b) accurate observation. Charles J. Kahane. the Federal Register.
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